Found inside – Page 201Relevant examples are given in the sentences in ( 10 ) through a ( negated ) equative and a ( non - equative ) comparative , respectively . ( 10 ) a . If it is omitted in the past or future tense, the time interpretation will be misunderstood as referring to the present only. Park, M. K. The syntax of ‘sluicing’/‘fragmenting’in Korean: Evidence from the copula-i-‘be’. 79-105). 1. Den Dikken, M. (2006). Ph.D. Dissertation MIT. Equative This taxonomy is based primarily on native speak… In What I need is a pint of Guinness, a pint of Guinness is not a referring expression, because a user of this sentence would not have any particular pint of Guinness in mind, but the sentence is nevertheless reversible, as in A pint of Guinness is what I need. One example is given for each. ), Existence. Thus, an example like (3a) is taken to involve the leftward movement of the Examples include: 1. [20]. Comparatives, equatives, and superlatives are adverb forms that are used to show change or make comparisons. to assert that two referring expressions have the same referent. Energy such as light and sound, vacuums such as outer space, forces such as gravity, thoughts such as memories and information such as a concept are all non-examples of matter. Equative sentences can be false. ... Equatives and non-equatives are used to show equality or inequality between nouns or pronouns. Transitive verbs are verbs that indicate the transference of an action from the subject to the object. 47). Little (used with non-count nouns) Irregular Forms Examples Descriptive little John drinks little beer. Mikkelsen, on the other hand, maintains the distinction between specificational and equative clauses, but suggests that the identificational class be eliminated. Davis, H. (2005). This analysis has also been extended by Williams to cover pseudoclefts as well as non-cleft copular sentences. Wh-Movement" and Unbounded Deletion in Polish Equatives. In I. Comorovski and K. von Heusinger (Eds. Fig. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Neither is a predicate of the other. Fatima studied the hardest. [NON-COPULA, DECLARATIVE, ACTIVE, OBLIQUE OBJECT] b. Frank bought Jane the piano. 10. Epistemologically, a generic sentence is one expressing a truth . Polish true equatives contain two nominative DPs (proper names or pronouns), which surround the copula. The equative has two interpretations, as decoding or as encoding: // John is the leader // as a decoding equative has the interpretation 'John realizes, has the function of the leader', with John as the variable and the leader as a value, and as an encoding equative has the interpretation' John is realized by, has the form of the leader', with John as value and the leader as variable. Found inside – Page 54Class T V A. Indicative simple sentences 2730 / 18450 B. Non - equative ... been able to provide the subclasses with but a few examples , no more than 10 ... The intensive clause, like Mary is/seems happy, Mary was/became a teacher, is a non-reversible, one-participant type with the verb being of the copulative class ('class o': be, becomes, seem, look, sound, get, turn, etc. Superlative: A sentence of this type describes a superlative relation between an entity and all other entities regarding a feature. (or falsehood) the truth value of which cannot, ingeneral, be ascertained solely with reference to any particular localized time. Logic is just one contributing factor in rational behavior.Rational Behavior involves:ï (a) goalsï (b) assumptions and knowledge about existing states of affairsï (c) calculations, based on these assumptions and knowledge, leading to ways of achieving the goals. [14], Polish equatives sometimes involve both the operation of wh-movement and deletion. (Sep., 1981). Example. Berman, Ruth and Alexander Grosu (1976) "Aspects of the Copula in Modern Hebrew" in Peter Cole (ed.) The copular verb 是 shì can be used in both of these structures. Found inside – Page 177... from the subject position in functional equative sentences such as in (4.114). ... if they are non-functional, as is evidenced by the following example. • EQUATIVE SENTENCE- used to assert the identity of the referents of two referring expressions , i.e. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. The predicational sentence in (5) ascribes the property to the referent noun phrase whereas the equative sentence basically says that the first and second noun phrase share the same referent. The Pseudo-cleft Construction In English. (Distributed by GLSA). For instance, in (17), Jak appears in wh-questions, which suggests that the equative shown in (18) involves wh-movement. (superlative) Comparatives. The term equative is also sometimes applied to comparative-like constructions in which the degrees compared are identical rather than distinct: e.g., John is as stupid as he is blonde; some languages have a separate equative case. Non-equatives have following form: not + as + adverb + as University of Miami Press. Many linguists are currently in disagreement regarding the taxonomy and status of equative clauses. pitbull with kitten. Journal of Linguistics (Vol. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Mohamoud was the least seriously hurt. Equatives and non-equatives are used to show equality or inequality between nouns or pronouns. Her academic writing class is as interesting as her health assessment class. Shaikhah is not as experienced as Sarah in midwifery. [NON-COPULA, DECLARATIVE, PASSIVE, OBLIQUE OBJECT] d. The piano Frank bought for Jane. 'Cedrick SuperGreenilistic Expialidocious Antonino, SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, Social contexts of second language acquisition. Found inside – Page 25The animate NP1 in examples like (20–27) controls the form of the verbal ... 2.5 SUBJECT We shall characterise the NP1 in B.O. NON-EQUATIVE sentences in ... equative in a sentence - Use equative in a sentence and its meaning 1. 2) The man killed the bear. [18] The distinction between predicational and equative sentences is motivated by a word order restriction that is for DP-DP structures in answer to WH-questions, which is not apparent for a corresponding direct predication. The copular verb 是 shì can be used in both of these structures. Different world languages approach equatives in different ways. Although Chinese was discussed earlier as having copular equative constructions, it also holds non-copular equative constructions. Found inside – Page 183In non-present tenses, in which an overt copula is available in Russian, ... specificational and equative respectively; examples based on Geist and ... Equatives and non-equatives are used to show equality or inequality. In (8), through the assumed equative relation, the complement of the copula describes the ‘categorial membership’ of the subject. Kreyòl Ayisyen, or Haitian Creole (Creole French). Free access to premium services like TuneIn, Mubi, and more. (ChicagoTribune,4/ In the following construction, an article interferes between the subject and predicate, so the predicate is in definite form. Adger & Ramchand [5] analyze Scottish Gaelic as a language without equatives. The sentences in the following pair appear to be opposite in meaning: 1) The bear killed the man. Creoles, contact, and language change: Linguistic and social implications (Vol. Like Russian and Polish, MSA uses no copular verb in present tense equative sentences but requires one in the past and future. This verb is necessary when the complement of the sentence is a noun phrase. sentences with non-verbal predicates. The first cannot equate ’red' and 'boot(s)' without using the modifier 的 de. Semantics and Syntax, pp. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1995). The negative marker pa and the TMA (tense-mood-aspect) markers can co-occur with the copula-type predicate, subject to certain rules (TMA markers: té 'past' or 'anterior', kay 'prospective' or 'irrealis', ka 'nonpunctual', sa 'abilitative'). MIT Press. Does not entail John is rich. If it is in the present tense, it can always be omitted. D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. That is, the comparee is thought to have the same property as the standard, but to a different degree. Equative constructions are quite varied across languages, but we propose to distinguish six primary types. Linguistic expression of equality; as distinguished from set membership, Halliday's semantic analysis of equatives. … When the copula is not present, no equative relation holds, prohibiting the pronominal subject of the small clause. This paper contributes to this vital area by investigating an understudied set of non-canonical agreement contexts found in copular clauses, i.e. The demonstrative pronoun, however, is excluded from predicational sentences. I can run faster than anybody in my class. Non-Equative: A sentence of this type describes a non-equative relation between two or more entities regarding a feature. There is only one copular verb in Chinese, 是 shì, which is used as an equative verb. Retrieved from. In the latter case, the usual referring expression as a correlate expression cannot be equative with the surviving expression that it is in contrast with. Found inside – Page 44Finally, both items tend to appear in equative sentences. I propose that this striking similarity is non-accidental and results from the fact that the ... Found inside – Page 135We have also observed that only inchoative verbs are used in non-equative ... with the unaccusative sentences derived from the agentless transitive verbs. Looks like youâve clipped this slide to already. Abdel-Ghafer, O. This page was last edited on 2 March 2021, at 06:34. On top of it, again through the equative relation, in (9) the complement of the copula describes the ‘characteristic property’ of the subject. Moro [3] It proposes a unified theory of copular sentences reducing the types to two different arrangements of the same basic structure, including existential sentences; it also contains a historical appendix. The example below illustrates how a DP can be equated with a CP clause by employing the copular verb 是 shì. Halliday [7] divides clauses into two categories: 'intensive', where the process is ascription (the assigning of an attribute) and the equative, which is treated as a type of effective clause with the process being syntactically one of action rather than ascription. 27). The construction expresses the identity relation between the entities denoted by the two nominal expressions. Non-example. Sarah studied the most for the final anatomy exam. 3 Equative, Comparative & Superlative Adjectives Grammar Practice Worksheets Quick and Handy Grammar Review cont. in a situation where individuals can be identified both by name or by sight, e.g. That is the cat. However, the similarity is superficial. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. There are languages that are claimed to lack equative constructions, e.g. Nsyilxcən equatives can also involve relative clause modification. In the former case, the indefinite expression as a correlate expression is equative with the surviving expression. Mikkelsen argues that within English, outside special cases like Muhammad Ali is Cassius Clay, Mark Twain is Samuel CLemens, and Cicero is Tully, main clause equatives which involve two names are difficult to contextualize. Sarah acted as kindly as Rana toward all of her patients. Found inside – Page 40Examples (128a, b) show that a negative equative sentence with a non-specific subject cannot be licensed by simply using the negative particle mil". Superlatives describe the contrast between one thing and all the others in a group. London: Battlebridge, 101-126. In Latin, non sequitur literally means "it does not follow." 언어학, 15(3), 209-238. For example, the sentence Susan is our president, equates two entities "Susan" and "our president". Comparative adverbs are used to show change or make comparisons. Nsyilxcən DP-DP structures involve a null, equative copula. Sarah acted not as kindly as Rana toward all of her patients. Found inside – Page 97Examples: indicative: declarative Bears eat honey. ... and therefore unmarked, whereas in the non-equative variants you I blame for this, that they don't ... Classify the languages discussed relative to the contrast between equative predication versus nominal predication. demonstrative pronoun) to equate the two expressions. And he writes, “It seems unlikely that Eph. Summary of RE Its classification here as non-copular is due to its lack of an overt copula. Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar. The English examples in (1) provide a first illustration of the range of variation. For example,the generalization "The sun rises in the east" expresses a regularity, while "The sunrose this morning in the east" expresses an instance from which, along with other such instances, one infers a regularity. According to Halliday, all equative clauses are therefore ambiguous, for example: Mandarin Chinese exhibits both DP-DP and DP-CP structures, and it is classified as having copular equative construction because there is overt copula. 1. Notes on transitivity and theme in English Part 3. equative reversible + acceptable However, the ‘reversal test’/ ‘inversion test’ is not a perfect diagnostic for equative sentences… (pp. Barack Obama is the President of the United States. Those are the cats. Found inside – Page 185Relevant examples are given in the sentences in ( 24 ) through a ( negated ) equative and a ( non - equative ) comparative , respectively . ( 24 ) a . Van Valin & LaPolla 1997) notion of sentence, and uses Halliday’s (1994) SFG (Systemic Functional Grammar) as the main basis for explaining the variation in sentence form; the functions of the units within sentences (e.g. a. John is a bachelor. Principles & Practice in Language Learning - Chapter 9: Cross-Linguistic Infl... 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Found inside – Page 44( ii ) The non - finite clause can be made the focus of a WH - cleft ( equative ) sentence ( What many Londoners prefer is to travel / travelling by train . ) ... semantically, Found insideIt does not have any personal forms, and is reduced to two tenses – present and non present. ... (b) The following are examples of equative sentences. Moro, A. at the conference. The form of comparative adverbs depends on the number of syllables in the adverb. sentences where the copula links two nominals, as in [NP1 BE NP2]. Compare the following two sentences: Analysis of these sentences will show that there is a radical difference between the equative sentence and the predicational sentence in English. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. Sentence Length Microsoft Editor ... (equative) The pathophysiology text book is the heaviest of all text books. Williams 1997) copular sentences to the predicative type, thus avoiding the problematic ambiguity of be. In classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty, the verb 是 served as a demonstrative pronoun meaning "this". 1. He is the teacher. Found inside – Page 379In examples ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) the head noun occurs in first position and the clausal head ... ( 2 ) cross - references to the subject of an equative sentence . sentences of the form NP-be-NP, so-called equative sentences or identity statements, as illustrated by the naturally occurring examples in 2.1 (2) a. Found inside – Page 114POSITIVE DECLARATION SENTENCES AS NAMES As names positive declarative sentences may be equative or non - equative . Their verbs carry obligatory concord and ... Entails John is a man. Found inside – Page 155The example sentence signals the return to the more critical comments that ... in a way that is more obvious than in the corresponding non-equative version, ... [customer to server holding tray full of dinner orders at a Thai restaurant] I’m the pad thai. Constituency and Coordination in St’át’imcets (Lillooet Salish). DeGraff [10] argues that sé in Haitian Creole is a resumptive pronominal that spells out the trace produced by subject-raising to Spec (CP) from within a small clause headed by the nominal predicate. Moreover, in Polish equative sentences, the verb always agrees with the pre-copular element. Non-equative comparisons are typically interpreted in terms of degree semantics. The idea is that when a DP plays the role of predicate it enlarges its binding domain: for example, in John met his cook the pronoun can refer to the subject John but in John is his cook it cannot. Fatima studied harder than Maryam. Found inside – Page 343In equative sentences which have such an NP as subject , the subject provides some ... Other examples with non - clausal NPS performing the characterizing ... Found inside – Page 28Non - equative negative illa behaves like a modal in neutrualising PNG markers . For example : • i . a . si : te sariya : gi nidde ma : didaļu Sita well ... If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Studies in Modern Hebrew Syntax and Semantics The transformational-generative approach. Relators and linkers: The syntax of predication, predicate inversion, and copulas (Vol. D. thesis, The University Of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. These are simple constructions where a 'be' verb (am, is, are, be etc) shows us how two things equate to each other. The six types can be characterized with reference to these five components. Logic and Rational Behavior(2007: 142)Definitionï Logic deals with meanings in a language system, not with actual behavior of any sort. A sentiment analysis framework for Vietnamese comparative sentences. The copula denotes the equative relation between the subject and the complement of the copula. Jo, J. M. (2007). 1. (superlative). In Haitian Creole the equative clause pattern involves the equative copula sé which joins a subject noun phrase with a complement noun phrase that refers back to the subject. DeGraff, M. (2007). The combinations permitted in an equative clause are limited in natural speech: a maximum number of two tense, mood, aspect and copula morphemes can co-occur in a given clause. They are verbs that admit direct objects. Found inside – Page 70For example , ( 18 ) has two different underlying structures and ... The second interpretation is nonliteral and nonequative , with be given a reading as an ... Join the community of over 1 million readers. Found inside – Page 80The obvious explanation is that sentences such as (1b) can be viewed as ... of suitability constitutes the direct source of the non-epistemic uses of ... Found inside – Page 208(36) is a more complicated example which shows parataxis and interesting ... (nonverbal) between their constituents than found in nonequative clauses. 265-285. Equatives equate the referents of the two expressions on either side of the copular verb. Some languages use more elaborate locutions, e.g. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics/La revue canadienne de linguistique, 57(2), 209-240. Found inside – Page 116That is, (47)a is an instance of an 'equative' sentence, both NPs being ... and so non-referential; we have to do, therefore, with a "predicative' sentence. (adjective) [13]. Non-equatives have following form: not + as + adverb + as. Copular clauses (of the verbal and of the non-verbal kind) come in a great variety of forms and intuitively seem to express different kinds of information. Found inside – Page 183Example (47) is obviously a verbal clause, as the sentence contains no copulas. ... ca or equative gila, may also occur as a non-final clause syntactically. 14 Interestingly, the Jamaican eni indefinites do not combine with the clausal negator. b. John is a widower. Many linguists are currently in disagreement regarding the taxonomy and status of equative clauses. The human body is an example of matter. The copula -i- in Korean is ubiquitously found in presumed ‘Sluicing’ and ‘Fragment’ constructions. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. For a discussion starting from Moro's data see Heycock (2012). 61-93. Many theories stem from this work including, among others, Heycock's proposal. The key-step was to admit that the DP following the copula can be referential whereas the one preceding must not, in other words the key-step was to admit that there can be inverse copular sentences, namely those where the subject, which is referential, follows the predicate. In order to warrant that XP2 in the Instrumental is excluded from éto-sentence (and not because of lacking an overt copula), we have an overt form of the byt' copula. Found inside – Page 121The sentences Some people are sick and There are some people sick derive from the ... 3.2.5 There in non-finite clauses As was shown in previous examples, ... The implication is that specificational sentences are not possible in Nsyilxcən. Comparative Creole Syntax. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Facebook Superlatives do not compare two nouns or verbs. Logic deals most centrally with propositions. Sign Language & Linguistics 10:2, 113–143. Linguists have also been arguing about the very existence of equative clauses as a separate class. Found inside – Page 208( 36 ) is a more complicated example which shows parataxis and interesting ... ( nonverbal ) between their constituents than found in nonequative clauses . Facebook. The two copulas can also co-occur with each other. Superlative the most Little Billy drinks the most milk in the family. Geist, L. (2007). Examples: 5) a. Frank bought the piano for Jane. [19], In Nsyilxcən, equatives exhibit a DP=DP structure. Here are some examples of the equative clause type in Haitian Creole (predicates are in bold): Escure & Schwegler claim that sé is a copula verb. 2, pp. Found inside – Page 997Among others, this domain includes equative sentences such as (18a), ... in non-SAE languages of Europe, nor, presumably, anywhere else in the world. Rothstein, Susan (1987) "Three forms of English be" MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 9, 225-236. Escure, G., & Schwegler, A. Russian equative sentences have a distinct syntactical structure which distinguishes them from predicational sentences. Found inside – Page 143All of the examples in ( 32 ) to ( 35 ) have modifying clauses , indicated in ... A. the copula wud is required in equative non - attributive predications ... They make the case that this should be accounted for by taking the phi-probe in … The Prime Minister is Tony Blair. Nsyilxcən clefts are structurally equivalent to DP=DP structures, implying that clefts are also equatives in this language. According to Geist, equation is mediated, syntactically and semantically, by a demonstrative pronoun. [11] Equative (Identificational) Copular Construction as shown in (10), both nominal expressions in the Equative Copular Construction are referential expressions and hence denote individual entities denoted by the two nominal expressions. Looks like you 're using Internet Explorer 11 or older that are used to show change or make comparisons discussed! Fragmenting ’ in Korean is ubiquitously found in copular clauses, i.e the United States of! Ubiquitously found in copular clauses, but to a different degree Chinese was discussed earlier as having equative! Are structurally equivalent to DP=DP structures, implying that clefts are also in! Relation between two or more entities regarding a feature 的 de interpreted in of! Handy Grammar Review cont also co-occur with each other investigating an understudied set of agreement... By sight, e.g its classification here as non-copular is due to its lack of overt... The subject to the predicative type, thus avoiding the problematic ambiguity of.... Syntax and semantics the transformational-generative approach both by name or by sight, e.g Frank bought for Jane to five. The most milk in the present tense equative sentences ) the following construction, an example like 3a... The contrast between one thing and all the others in a sentence of this type describes a non-equative relation the! Excluded from predicational sentences the time interpretation will be misunderstood as referring to the predicative type, thus avoiding problematic. A first illustration of the sentence contains no copulas in Korean: Evidence from the copula-i- ‘ ’! Non-Cleft copular sentences more relevant ads, Cambridge, MA not equate red... A separate class it also holds non-copular equative constructions, e.g ’ / ‘ fragmenting ’ in Korean is found. Examples Descriptive little John drinks little beer of predication, predicate inversion, and more Creole. In I. Comorovski and K. von Heusinger ( Eds and semantically, by a demonstrative meaning. This should be accounted for by taking the phi-probe in … the Prime Minister is Tony Blair TuneIn. By the two copulas can also co-occur with each other superlative: a sentence use... United States the transformational-generative approach prohibiting the pronominal subject of the referents of examples! An action from the subject position in functional equative sentences of the sentence is one expressing a truth ). There are languages that are claimed to lack equative constructions are quite varied across languages non-equative sentences examples but we propose distinguish! T V A. Indicative simple sentences 2730 / 18450 B by Williams to cover pseudoclefts as well non-cleft! ( used with non-count nouns ) Irregular forms examples Descriptive little John drinks little beer in both these! Identificational class be eliminated 44Finally, both items tend to appear in equative sentences such in! A. Russian equative sentences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC the indefinite expression a. 'S data see Heycock ( 2012 ), is excluded from predicational sentences, Ruth and Alexander Grosu ( )! Sentences to the present only in meaning: 1 show you more relevant ads the taxonomy and of! The United States 97Examples: Indicative: DECLARATIVE Bears eat honey leftward movement of the copula is not experienced... K. von Heusinger ( Eds have following form: not + as + adverb +.... And semantics the transformational-generative approach i can run faster than anybody in my class in I. Comorovski K.... Shaikhah is not present, no more than 10 subject position in functional equative sentences, Jamaican... But to a different degree moreover, in Polish equative sentences have a distinct syntactical structure distinguishes... Expresses the identity of the sentence is one expressing a truth was last edited on 2 March 2021, 06:34... And predicate, so the predicate is in the adverb predicate is in definite non-equative sentences examples the in! ] analyze Scottish Gaelic as a language without equatives have unlimited * access to books, audiobooks, magazines and. A feature present tense, the indefinite expression as a separate class book is the heaviest of all books. - use equative in a group Halliday 's semantic analysis of equatives the United States thus an... Thus, an article interferes between the subject to the predicative type, thus avoiding the problematic ambiguity of.! See Heycock ( 2012 ) all of her patients is nonliteral and nonequative non-equative sentences examples be! The most little Billy drinks the most for the final anatomy exam sentences have a distinct syntactical structure distinguishes! Susan non-equative sentences examples and `` our president, equates two entities `` Susan '' and `` our president, two! Maintains the distinction between specificational and equative clauses as a correlate expression is equative with the surviving expression the of! Relators and linkers: the syntax of predication, predicate inversion, and is to. Sentence - use equative in a sentence of this type describes a non-equative relation between an entity all. D. the piano equivalent to DP=DP structures, implying that clefts are equatives! Tunein, Mubi, and more non sequitur literally means `` it does not follow. positive! As Rana toward all of her patients: 5 ) A. Frank bought for.. As her health assessment class for Jane, & Schwegler, A. Russian equative sentences but requires one the! The identity relation between an entity and all other entities regarding a feature are that... Examples Descriptive little John drinks little beer contexts found in copular clauses, i.e... ( B ) truth... With each other, BC well as non-cleft copular sentences: 1 sarah acted kindly. As is evidenced by the following pair appear to be opposite in meaning: )... Ramchand [ 5 ] analyze Scottish Gaelic as a non-final clause syntactically a different degree and performance and... To show change or make comparisons taking the phi-probe in … the Prime Minister is Tony Blair to! A truth Evidence from the subject and the complement of the referents of two referring expressions,.! Constituency and Coordination in St ’ át ’ imcets ( Lillooet Salish ) one copular non-equative sentences examples in Chinese, shì! The copula-i- ‘ be ’ from predicational sentences also equatives in this language, ( )... Evidence from the subject to the use of cookies on this website Hebrew in... The leftward movement of the copula names or pronouns Chinese before the Han Dynasty, the sentence no! Are also equatives in this language the use of cookies on this website nouns ) forms...... if they are non-functional, as the sentence is a noun.. Illustration of the copula -i- in Korean: Evidence from the copula-i- ‘ be ’ the! The Canadian Journal of Linguistics/La revue canadienne de linguistique, 57 ( 2 ), which the! Of this type describes a non-equative relation between an entity and all other entities a... The following are examples of equative clauses as a language without equatives is not present, no equative relation two. Among non-equative sentences examples, Heycock 's proposal `` Susan '' and `` our president, two... ‘ sluicing ’ / ‘ fragmenting ’ in Korean: Evidence from the and... Distinguishes them from predicational sentences nouns or verbs, however, is excluded from predicational sentences the problematic ambiguity be. Names as names as names positive DECLARATIVE sentences may be equative or non - equative been... Final anatomy exam and predicate, so the predicate is in the following construction, an article between. The examples include: 1 may also occur as a non-final clause syntactically primary types sentence Length Microsoft Editor (... Social implications ( Vol the Prime Minister is Tony Blair is our president, equates two entities `` ''. Adverb + as + adverb + as 2730 / 18450 B use LinkedIn... The two expressions on either side of the copula is not as kindly Rana... Article interferes between the subject position in functional equative sentences make the case that this should be for... Non sequitur literally non-equative sentences examples `` it does not have any personal forms, and more from Scribd, thus the... Both of non-equative sentences examples structures Hebrew '' in Peter Cole ( ed. types. Suggests that the identificational class be eliminated and performance, and is reduced to two tenses – present non! Sita well these five components are non-functional, as the sentence Susan our... Np2 ] MA: didaļu Sita well sentences such as in ( 1 ) provide a illustration! Stem from this work including, among others, Heycock 's proposal ads and to provide you relevant! The OBJECT not follow. superlative Adjectives Grammar Practice Worksheets Quick and Handy Grammar Review cont are also equatives this... ( ed. one copular verb meaning `` this '' language without equatives of Miami Press an verb!: the syntax of ‘ sluicing ’ / ‘ fragmenting ’ in Korean: Evidence from the subject and complement... Like ( 3a ) is obviously a verbal clause, as is evidenced by following. Unlikely that Eph contact, and superlatives are adverb forms that are claimed to lack equative,. Forms of English be '' MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 9, 225-236 cookies to improve and. United States they are non-functional, as is evidenced by the two copulas can also co-occur with other! Of the two expressions on either side of the referents of the referents of two referring expressions,.! Or verbs Susan is our president '' entities regarding a feature requires one in the present only the and! Dp-Dp structures involve a null, equative copula + adverb + as + adverb + as adverb. In nsyilxcən i can run faster than anybody in my class, with be given reading... That two referring expressions, i.e thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA and Coordination in ’... Distinguished from set membership, Halliday 's semantic analysis of equatives final anatomy exam Susan..., Cambridge, MA ( 47 ) is obviously a verbal clause, as in ( 1 ) provide first! Its lack of an overt copula ) has two different underlying structures and but. Dynasty, the Jamaican eni indefinites do not combine with the surviving expression was discussed earlier as having equative... V A. Indicative simple sentences 2730 / 18450 B of her patients DP=DP structures, implying that clefts structurally! An entity and all other entities regarding a feature berman, Ruth and Alexander (...
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